Hmpyc80 Research Methodology - 3369 Words

HMPYC80 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TOPIC 1 STATISTICS Hypothesis testing Variables (Tut 104 p 165) Sampling Distribution of the mean GROUPS DESIGN T Test- difference between the means of 2 groups (BG p.147) Dependent and Independent samples (tc and td) One-way analysis of variance (The F test uses variance as an index for the difference between two or more means.) (BG p. 174) Factorial Analysis of Variance (BG p.180) TOPIC 2 CORRELATIONAL DESIGN Correlation coefficient (BG p. 208) Regression analysis, testing Beta (BG p.221) Prediction and regression analysis (BG p. 235) Multiple regression analysis (BG p.245) TOPIC 3 FACTOR ANALYISIS (BG p. 268) Latent and manifest variable TOPIC 4 RESEARCH PROPOSAL REVIEW Qualitative analysis (Tut 104 p101)†¦show more content†¦However, the guidelines do not guarantee that your research will be ethical - you still have to pay close attention to any ethical issue that my crop up in your research project. Always make sure that you are knowledgeable about ethical guidelines. Paradigms Positivist, interpretive and constructionist paradigm Positivist: numerical, quantitative data Interpretive: insight into subjective world , identify common themes Constructionist: how is the social world constructed, discourse analysis Ontology, epistemology and methodology Each research paradigm has a particular ontology, epistemology and methodology. Ontology refers to researchers’ assumptions about the nature of the social world, for example, positivist researchers tend to assume that the social world operates in a predictable, law-like manner analogous to the physical world. Epistemology refers to researchers’ assumptions about how to gain knowledge about the social world, for example positivist researchers assume that one should measure social phenomena objectively. Methodology refers to the actual procedures used by researchers, for example positivist researchers frequently collect data by means of objective tests and questionnaires and analyse these using statis tical techniques. The tableShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Training on Adolescent Self-Awareness and the Reduction of Anxiety, Depression and Stress.2411 Words   |  10 PagesRESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR: 5888743 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR: 5888743 Mr P Smith The ANIKARead MoreResearch Proposal2068 Words   |  9 PagesPsychology The Course Leader: HMPYC80 University of South Africa 2013-05-30 Dear Sir/Madam Re: Research proposal: Why do People Volunteer Work. I am currently associated with UNISA where I am an honours student in Psychology. I have special interest in why do people volunteer work due to some volunteer work I am doing with a home called Botshabelo and an organisation called Stop Hunger SA. I have attached a proposal for further research in this field. The reasons for

Police Officers And The Police Officer - 2134 Words

Strong, courageous, heroic, all words that we hear and use to describe what comes to mind when we think of â€Å"Police Officers.† In elementary school, the most common question students would be asked was â€Å"what do you want to be when you grow up,† and the most common response would be in return, â€Å"a police officer.† Sadly now, most are rethinking this occupational choice. The authority that most cops these days believe they have is over the top; they think that they can take advantage of everything and everybody simply by the power of their badge. Police officers need to have more discipline instead of using their supremacy for brutality; there can be many things done to prevent this prevalent issue of police officers ruthlessness and we need to start taking action now. In our world today, police officers aren’t thought of as â€Å"heroes† anymore and that is a problem. Police officers are the people we rely on to keep us safe, enfor ce the laws of the community, and people we can count on whenever there is an issue; but now fear may become a factor next time we are in danger and pick up the phone to call for help. In tense situations, there are times when police are called on to make quick decisions in difficult circumstances in order to protect their own safety and that of innocent bystanders. However, in any situation where aggressive police behavior raises questions about the appropriateness of the reaction, it is important to investigate the accusations promptly andShow MoreRelatedPolice Officers And The Police Officer1381 Words   |  6 Pageswhite, and blue in America represents freedom. When a police officer approaches a civilian in today’s times, those colors mean the absolute worst. With recent police mischief including shootings, red, white, and blue could mean absolute panic. Americans today feel as if there is a war with police officers. The most common question civilians have, why are in nocent people being killed by police officers? The civic responsibility of a police officer is to serve and protect citizens while upholding theRead MorePolice Officers And Police Officer1904 Words   |  8 Pagesthat police officers are using an excess of force, and in some occasions, lethal force in their daily routine. It is now normal for people to get scared when they are in the presence of a police officer. It is not a coincidence because these police officer have created their own reputation. Recent incidents involving police officers shooting innocent people are raising doubts about how police officers are trained, and the credibility in the Unites States Justice System. Ginger Otis in Police StillRead MorePolice Officers And The Police Officer2607 Words   |  11 Pagesthose with 100 or more officers, received more than 26,000 citizen complaints about officers’ use of force. Among those complaints only eight percent had sufficient evidence of the allegation to just ify disciplinary action against the subject officer (U.S. Department of Justice). These incidents occur frequently but what truly happens is never very clear. Witness reports don’t hold up with evidence, the victim has their recollection of what happened and the police officer has another. There is noRead MorePolice Officers And Police Enforcement Officers Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesenforcement officers are authorized to use different forces based on its situation. Officers face many circumstances during the period of their job when use of force is necessary. For example, making arrests, restraining unruled combatants, and while controlling disruptive situations. Incidents involving the use of excessive force by the police frequently receive media attentions, legislators and sometimes even criminal courts. To serve better for a community or country a small percentage of police interactionsRead MorePolice Officer As A Officer2024 Words   |  9 PagesWithin all police de partments in the United States there is police rank. Which is a ranking of officers in command from either highest to lowest or lowest to highest. The ranking starts with the Chief of Police than the Deputy Chief, Captain, Lieutenant, Sergeant, Detective, and lastly your regular officer. The Chief of Police is in charge of the department and everyone below him or her. The person in command right above officers is usually a sergeant or lieutenant and this is the officers direct bossRead MoreA Police Officer1329 Words   |  6 Pageswill be HB474. This is a bill that requires officers to wear body cameras while preforming their job with the public (Reynolds). I will be informing you on the positive and negative sides of the bill. I will give you my opinion on this bill and why I chose it. I will also inform you on who introduced it and a partial background. Finally I will inform you if the bill passed and became a law or not. In recent years, there has been a huge movement with police brutality. There has also been a movementRead MorePolice Enforcement And Police Officers Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages An integral training of today’s police officers duties is the physical skill of the application of use of force. This is needed skill requirement to detain and arrest a person who has committed a crime and resisting. Police officers must be trained to use force properly when the skill is required on a subject who is resisting police officers efforts to place them under arrest. This skill has the potential for the officer to exceed the needed amount of force to place them under arrest that can leadRead MorePolice Officers And The Police Vehicles1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthat police officers use, and it is on the police vehicles. They take pride to serve our community, take pride to protect our community, and take pride of wearing the badge on their uniforms. Our community wouldn’t be the same if we didn’t have the protection from them; if so there will be some disasters like some today. But yet, they get accused, getting name, and getting threaten for the things that happen consequently. When I was growing up, I hear all these sayings that â€Å"police officers are bad†Read MorePolice Officers And The Police Force1310 Words   |  6 Pagesquote is the extent of our knowledge as an outsider to the Greensboro Police force. I was able to get an inside look at what really happens in a day in the life of an everyday police officer. I spent two days at the department observing the officers and riding alongside one in the police car. Throughout my experience I learned that most of the stereotypes I had about police officers were completely wrong. One of the first officers I talked to was Corporal Donaldson, who is also my father. I asked himRead MorePolice Enforcement And Police Officers1438 Words   |  6 Pageswidely known that police officers are given a substantial amount of latitude concerning vehicular searches while on patrol. Many officers make it a habit to ask citizens they pull over if it s okay to search their cars, while others will only ask if they have reason to believe that a suspect is hiding something. Either way, what should you do if the police search your car without your permission, and without first obtaining a search warrant? Most people know that police officers need one of three

Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control. Answer: Introduction: Communicable diseases are persistently a fundamental public health priority both in Australia and the globe at large. Among the most pressing of such communicable diseases is Ebola. Just as a serious illness, Ebola is caused by Ebola virus that brings about acute and serious illnesses and harms to the human body if not treated(Crawford, 2015). The disease was first noticed in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks one in the Democratic Republic of Congo and another in South Sudan. The worst outbreak in West Africa was experienced between 2014 and 2016 in which there was a complex outbreak of Ebola. This outbreak recorded the highest number of cases and deaths since it was first noticed in 1976. Ebola is a deadly illness that is mostly characterized by internal and external bleeding of body parts, fever, body aches and diarrhea caused by a virus that damages the bodys immune system. It causes blood-clotting cells to drop because it ultimately weakens the immune system of the body. There have not been any reported cases of Ebola virus among the citizens of Australia or among Australian animals. But even with this, the government of Australia has been careful enough and taken the most appropriate precautions to ensure the security and safety of the Australia people(Webber, 2009). The Australian government recognizes the social and economic situation and the critical medical conditions that West African countries had to bear when they were affected by the virus. In a bid to protect her citizens, the government of Australia performs screening her citizens to protect the health of the country at large(Lederberg, 2012). In Australia and Internationally Ebola are transmitted through human to human contact through broken skin, mucous or saliva membranes(Richards, 2016). When the blood secretions, organs and bodily fluids that are infected come to contact there is a high possibility of transmission. Contaminated surfaces and materials like bedding and clothing also promote the transmission. It is believed that Ebola viruses are naturally hosted in fruit bats with the highest levels of outbreaks being recorded among other species as monkeys, forest antelope, gorillas, and chimpanzees. It is introduced into the human population via close contact with the organs, blood or any other bodily fluids of the infected animal whether dead or alive. Hence routes of transmission mainly include skin and other external commonly used materials like cutting blades and sheets. The virus can be spread from an individual to another through body fluids among them waste products and blood. It is also spread sexually when semen of a man who has recovered from Ebola has sex with a woman or even orally(Stanhope, 2015). The risk factors of contracting Ebola is very low in most people with all the cases of death or illness found to have occurred in Africa except for a laboratory contamination that took place in England and Russia. The risk of contracting this infectious disease is increased whenever people travels to or live in African countries that have been hit by the outbreak. Among those at the highest risks include; Healthcare workers and family members who could be taking care of a person infected with Ebola(Atherstone, 2014) Animal researchers doing direct handling of rodent, bat or primates from a region where Ebola virus outbreak has been experienced Laboratory personnel handling bodily fluids or specimen from patients with Ebola virus People taking part in funeral rites in which there is direct contact or exposure to the remains of human in a region where the disease outbreak is evident(Bouzid, 2016). There are identified five types of Ebola out of which four have been found to cause diseases in humans. The types of Ebola include; Zaire ebolavirus Suda ebolavirus Tai Forest ebolavirus Bundibugyo ebolavirus Reston ebolavirus which does not cause disease in human beings Till this date, the natural harbor of Ebola virus has not been established. This then translates that the way in which the virus first appears in a human being is unknown. It is believed that the first patient becomes infected by an already infected animal. The first patient gets infected when in contact with animals such as a fruit bat or primate, apes, and monkeys. This is called spillover event. Person to Person transmission follows and can lead to large numbers of affected persons. In some previous Ebola outbreaks, primates also were affected by Ebola and multiple spillover events occurred when people touched or ate infected primates(guides, 2014). Ebola virus, just like any other viruses is acellular and obligate and requires a host in order to be biologically active. The virus has the ability to survive while outside the body of the host even though at reduced survival levels. Once the virus manages to get into the body of the host, it receptor will be attached to a specific receptor in the plasma membrane and upon the attachment, the genome of the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host. The pathonogecity of the virus is increased as the virus mutates and divided between the hosts. Due to the presence of glycoproteins, Ebola virus is found to be very effective in infecting the host(Evans, 2016). The glycoproteins bind to the specific receptor of the host when exposed to the environment. They are an integral part in facilitating the communication between other cells in the host and the outside environment(Stanhope, 2015). Most of the envelope viruses like Ebola virus are found in abundance in sheds of animal waste as such environments enable the virus to persevere the environment outside the body of the host. Such persistence increases the chances of reoccurrence of the virus and thereby increasing the chances of infection among human beings. This leaves the human population with the task of ensuring proper management and taking care of the environment as a strategy in the prevention of the outbreak of Ebola(Pray, 2016). Poor sanitation is a major health issue in Africa thereby exposing African countries to the aftermath of the survival of Ebola virus(Crawford, 2015). The virus can easily be transmitted from one person to another by the contamination of water by either fecal containing wastes or any other virus containing wastes. The scarcity of food is yet another environmental factor that increases the chances of contracting Ebola virus. In the process of hunting animals for food, people come into contact with infected animals. Still, malnutrition is yet another factor for the cause of the disease in Africa. Lack of the nutrients required by the body leads to psychological suffering among the population thereby inhibiting the ability of the body to adequately respond to the environment thereby increasing the vulnerability(Nelson, 2014). Besides the mentioned human factors, scientists have found out that filo viruses for example Ebola thrive well in the tropical regions of Africa an most specifically in the humid rainforests. This is the same cases experienced in the Philippines which have relatively the same seasons and temperature changes as the tropical regions of Africa. Ebola is not spread through air, water or in general by food. Mosquitoes and other insects likewise do not spread Ebola virus. In Africa, it spreads mostly through handling bush meat got from hunting common game animals like wild pigs(Preston, 2010). Other areas have registered exotic and unusual pets such as monkeys, apes or pigs as having high risks of being infected and shedding Ebola virus if they are exposed to the virus. Hence pets do transmit Ebola virus, however, it is not yet confirmed whether pet body fur can transmit Ebola virus. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that public health officials in collaboration with a veterinarian evaluate the pets risk of exposure to the virus; close contact or exposure to blood or body fluids of an Ebola patient(Pray, 2016). Based on this evaluation as well as the specific situation, local and state human and animal health officials will determine how the pet should be handled because currently there are no routine tests for Ebola available for pests. Pigs are the only animals currently very highly susceptible to any Ebola virus. Pigs have been found to be naturally infected with the Reston virus which is a constituent species of the Ebola virus that, however, does not cause sickness to humans(Stanhope, 2015). There are four most common types of epidemiological studies: Cohort Study. Case-Control Study. Occupational Epidemiological Study. Cross-Sectional Study. Epidemiologists use statistical methods to determine whether the differences they see are real or due to chance fluctuations. Epidemiology defined to be the study of the causes, existence management, and spread of health and illnesses in a certain niche population. Infection is the multiplication of organisms inside the tissues of the host and may eventually culminate into an illness. A carrier refers to any individual with no overt disease who bears infectious organisms(guides, 2014). There are various steps applied in the investigation of disease-causing epidemics. Means and methods have advanced tremendously overtime since the time of Hippocrates. Depending on the technique and analysis, epidemiology varies depending on the type of the disease in question. Here is a process that can be used in Epidemiology Study. Acknowledging the existence of a problem: It is quite expensive to undertake full studies in epidemiology besides the tiresome nature of the task. It is important to establish the need of a research before a study is undertaken(Wallace, 2014). ? Justification of the homogeneity of the undertaking: conclusions drawn from homogenous occurrences are likely to be suspected and thus it is required that the undertaken events to be the real cases of the disease under study(Singer, 2016). Gather all the occurrences: Inspecting an enormous data would yield more accurate results hence it is important to gather as much information and one can to enable evaluation of the greatest available risk factors. Various strategies can be deployed in the gathering of the events including from records of hospitals and epidemiological study methods. The events can be characterized by Incidence rates and prevalence rates. Often, the occurrence of a single disease entity is set as an event(Organization, 2013). Given inherent heterogeneous nature of any given disease (i.e., the unique disease principle), a single disease entity may be treated as disease subtypes. This framework is well conceptualized in the interdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology. Checking the trends and patterns: The similarities in the occurrences which could help in the identification of the main risk factors that would facilitate the contraction of the disease are considered in this. Such risks can be identified with the help of epidemic curves.(Webber, 2009). Formulate a hypothesis: The researcher may consider postulating as to the extent of the correlation between the disease and the probable agent causing the disease upon observation of the trend in the cases. Test the hypothesis: Uncontrollable variations are found to be a pollutant to the epidemiological studies conducted since these experiments can never be done in a laboratory thereby making interpretation of the found results a bit of a challenge. This often makes the results difficult to interpret. To assess the correlation between the disease and the disease-causing factors, two methods are deployed; Koch's postulates and Bradford-Hill Criteria Publish the results: The found out result are published and the findings made known so as the necessary adjustments can be made. Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases There is the need to prevent and control of Ebola. Among the strategies include; Implementing vaccination laws and taking universal cautions pathogen procedures according to public health policies, and regulations. Vaccinations of individuals will be organized and medical assessments carried out besides any other strategies that would ensure non-harmful infection in a bid to contain the spread of communicable diseases(Bonita, 2012). Ongoing health education relating to disease prevention, hygiene measures for all people ranging from children in the family unit, public domain and reaching the masses in various ways to foster cleanliness and prevention. Implementing good hand washing procedures. Implementing case isolation and effective treatment to minimize contact and reduce the chances of re-infection and even infecting other people(Lederberg, 2012). ensuring safety and security of blood being transfused Avoiding infection while traveling abroad Undertakings which provide tourism services shall inform their customers about to travel to a foreign country of: the risks of becoming infected with a communicable disease in the country to be visited; the validity of vaccination or of using medicinal products; the chances of getting medical advice before travelling and medication during the travel. Quarantine is a restriction of the movement of persons, goods, and vehicles and of the provision of services which is established with the aim of preventing any extremely dangerous communicable disease from spreading outside the focus of the disease(Atherstone, 2014). For the purposes of this Act, the focus of a disease is a delimited territory containing persons suffering from a communicable disease and persons suspected of being infected and where intensified surveillance over the residents is exercised by the health protection authorities(Cavendish, 2011). Quarantine is established by a written order of the county government on the proposal of the director general of the public health. Quarantine requirements and the procedure for compliance therewith shall be established by a regulation of the minister responsible for the area. Quarantine is ended by a documented instruction of the public health officers on the recommendation by the general director of the public after the outbreak of the communicable disease has been thwarted, the fulfillments of the requirements for the control and the and attention on the disease has been declared of no impact any more(Kahn, 2015). The outlining of quarantine requirements and the bringing to an end thereof shall be to the public knowledge through the various available sources of media Principles of Surveillance The ease of spread of communicable diseases from an individual to another is very high in the society and may result into numerous illnesses and deaths. A comprehensive public health surveillance comprised of close range observation, noting and reporting of scenarios of weighty communicable diseases in a society has extensive being covered in this excerpt(Evans, 2016). An vast comprehension of public health surveillance gives a healthcare practitioner an opportunity to identify any chances of existence of extra cases of communicable diseases in a society and submit the report and the most appropriate recommendations to the concerned authorities. Through the use of public health surveillance, one is able to evaluate the extent of damage by a major communicable diseases in a given geographical boundary by taking the single head counts of the reported cases of the disease infection. Planning and establishing the most appropriate measures to curb and control communicable infections is made possible through the collection and analysis of public health data. Such measures would be among them supply and distribution of the required medicines as well as enlightening the community as regards prevention of the diseases. In-depth explanations of the public health surveillance basic concepts, the various available types of surveillance as well as the undertakings one involves in during recording and reporting illnesses is discussed herein.(Crawford, 2015). Public health surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for preventing and controlling disease and injury. Public health surveillance is a tool to estimate the health status and behavior of the populations served by ministries of health, ministries of finance, and donors. Because surveillance can directly measure what is going on in the population, it is useful both for measuring the need for interventions and for directly measuring the effects of interventions. The purpose of surveillance is to empower decision makers to lead and manage more effectively by providing timely, useful evidence(Bouzid, 2016). Sentinel Surveillance Periodic Population-based Surveys Laboratory related surveillance The methods deployed in the surveillance of infectious diseases in a particular country are a factor of the economic status of the country. That means developed countries are likely to enjoy more complex data surveillance techniques as opposed to economically endangered countries. Analysis of surveillance information is based on person, place and/or time. There should be continuous review of the hospital data by qualified technical personnel so as to ascertain that the data relied upon for the operations of the hospital is valid and not containing any elements of misleading information(Lyons-Weiler, 2015). Tables and graphs are found to be the most appropriate when presenting data due to their simplistic nature. It is worth to note that the data should be delivered to the policy makers in time so as to enable them include the collected and interpreted data when coming up with programs deemed to be of necessity in the surveillance of data. The fast changing informatics field of health, concerned with gathering, classification, preservation, extraction, analysis and display of volumes of health data, gives an opportunity for real integrated public health surveillance depending on the standardization of data, infrastructure of communication, and regulations bordering access and safety of health data. By incorporating a systematic approach to the contents of data standard, surveillance will benefit(Ealy, 2015). An example is the deployment of systems based on standards in supporting the automation of reporting diagnostic laboratory results electronically enabling the identification of noticed diseases thereby enhancing quick responses and corrective measures by the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. References Atherstone, C. (2014). Ebola risk assessment in the pig value chain in Uganda. Kampala: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). Bonita, R. (2012). Basic Epidemiology. Geneva: World Health Organization. Bouzid, B. (2016). Examining the Role of Environmental Change on Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemics. Manchester: IGI Global. Cavendish, M. (2011). Diseases and Disorders, Volume 1. Machester: Marshall Cavendish. Crawford, D. H. (2015). Ebola: Profile of a Killer Virus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ealy, G. (2015). Ebola. Oxford: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Evans, N. G. (2016). Ebola's Message: Public Health and Medicine in the Twenty-First Century. Chicago: MIT Press. guides, e. . (2014). Ebola: Information for Healthcare Workers and Settings - For Your Reference. California: eregs guides. Kahn, C. R. (2015). Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus: Edited by C. Ronald Kahn ... [et Al.]. Salt Lake: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Lederberg, J. (2012). Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States. Bombay: National Academies. Lyons-Weiler, J. (2015). Ebola: An Evolving Story. London: World Scientific. Mack, A. (2016). The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop. Nairobi: National Academies Press. Medicine, A. o. (2010). Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, Volume 26. London: Academy of Medicine. Morain, S. A. (2012). Environmental Tracking for Public Health Surveillance. Los Angeles: CRC Press. Nelson, K. E. (2014). Infectious Disease Epidemiology. Oxford: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Organization, W. H. (2013). Emerging Issues in Water and Infectious Disease. New York: World Health Organization. Pray, L. (2016). The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities: Workshop Summary. Manchester: National Academies Press. Preston, R. (2010). The Hot Zone. Oxford: Paw Prints. Richards, P. (2016). Ebola: How a People's Science Helped End an Epidemic. Freetown: Zed Books Ltd. Singer, M. (2016). A Companion to the Anthropology of Environmental Health. Salt Lake: John Wiley Sons. Stanhope, M. (2015). Public Health Nursing: Population-centered Health Care in the Community. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences. Wallace, R. B. (2014). Maxey-Rosenau-Last Public Health and Preventive Medicine: Fifteenth Edition. London: McGraw Hill Professional. Webber, R. (2009). Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control: A Global Perspective. New York: CABI.

Themes In Blood Brothers Essay Example For Students

Themes In Blood Brothers Essay In this coursework I will compare how different environments affect a Childs attitude. To do this, as a director I would want the two actors Mickey and Eddie to act completely different.  As we read further into the scene and the boys begin to have a chat about the words they know, we begin to notice the difference in the two boys vocabulary. We learn that Mickey is cheeky and streetwise for instance the words he uses such as Pissed off. This shows the audience that Mickey has been brought up in an environment were this sort of language is commonly used. The actor who plays Mickey could make himself look tough and gain respect from his friend by using foul language and saying it in a bold way. We will write a custom essay on Themes In Blood Brothers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Were as the actor playing Eddie could act surprised and show admiration to Mickey because he knows these word, they are words Eddie has never heard of. The actors can continue Eddies naivety and Mickeys through out the rest of the scene. An example of this is when the two boys are having a conversation about the F word. Eddie says he will look it up in the dictionary also Mickey shows ignorance when he calls a dictionary a Thingy because he doesnt know what one is. Through out the scene the two actors should show they are felling safer in each others company. This should replace the caution shown at the begging of the film. By the end of this scene they should have made the audience think they are best friends and have known each other for a long time.  A very important part in the scene is when the two boys decide to become blood brothers. This would be very dramatic on stage and also very effective. For the actor playing Mickey this part in the scene needs to be done properly he needs to take charge to do this he could stand in the centre of the stage and make the penknife in his hand stand out to the audience. Eddie on the other hand must look very nervous at this point because Mickey is preparing to cut his hand. The two lads should stand tall and be proud as they go through the ritual, their lies should be said slowly and very clearly they should also pause between each word for emphasis. Then to break the tension the mother can shout from the side of the stage. If I were directing this scene my advice to the mother would be to be very loud and brassy but at the same time very defensive when she first meets Eddie. When Mickey tells his mum that he has a new friend she should be very curious and try to find out as much information as she can about him. She shows she is trying to do this when she says what Eddie, Eddie who? She should use a threatening tone of voice. This would be used because she does not want Mickey to find out that he was separated from his twin brother when they were born. This is not because the she wants to threaten her son. When she meets Eddie later on in the scene she should try to show her fear to the audience but try to keep the physical presence she has over the boys. She then attempts to scare Edie with The bogeyman she should try to install worry into his mind by saying it in an un-nerving way. But she fails to realise that a boy brought up as well as Eddie would not know who the bogeyman was, so therefore he would not fear him! She would need to convey all of her lines with a sense of pain, anger, and worry. She would feel pain due to the emotional stress of finally meeting her son again, anger because as much as she didnt want it to happen the two boys have met each other and then feel worried because of her fear of the truth. .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 , .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .postImageUrl , .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 , .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:hover , .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:visited , .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:active { border:0!important; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:active , .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05 .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u280fabb8ac0d55f85b9e31ff88daab05:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mindless Existence in Fahrenheit 451 EssayThe final thing I will mention is that the way the characters speak will make a big difference in the play. The audience need them to speak in certain ways so that they can find out more about the characters. For example Mickey and his mum should talk with strong Liverpool accents, and to show they are loud people they should talk in a noisy way. The reason for this could be the large family and the lack of one to one attention form the mother. This may also be because they all have to speak over each other to be heard in the house. Some of the words and phrases used should be emphasised because they reflect the scouse speech. Some examples of this are when Mickey says us instead of we this is an example of dialect and so does his phrases are you soft. The language Mickey uses also shows his lack of education for example he uses the word thingy because he does not know what a dictionary is also to gain respect he will use bad language. The word bleeding is used a lot by Mickey to express himself. The actor taking on Mickeys roll should accentuate these words; this will help deliver some clues to his social background. On the other hand the actor taking on the roll of Eddie would need to use very different words and also deliver them properly to show he has received a higher level of education and was brought up by a family he uses received pronunciation. So he should use words such as Hello and Super to provide the audience with a contrast of him and Mickey and his mother. He should also not show fear of the words such as the bogeyman and the F word because he does not know the meaning of them. If he repeats these words the actor playing him should do so without showing sense that he knows their meanings. If he does this he will give the audience an insight into his background and also add to the comedy evident in this scene.